Classification And Errors Analysis of COVID-19 Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm and Visualisation

During pandemic many people died as a result of the covid-19 sickness, which appeared in 2019 and spread over the world. The objective of research work is to wards the occurrence of COVID to improve classification accuracy and threshold curve predictions on real-life dataset for Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) value. This paper goals the real-life COVID patients from the five countries to test the experiment. The proposed methodology involves of two steps;used Weka for calculating the accuracy by applying Decision Table machine learning classifier and compare the results of all the five countries, secondly, the improvement in ROC value in terms of initial care predictions by area under ROC analysis. For our COVID dataset has 209 instances and 16 attributes, Weka has performed on the number of training instances are 184, number of Rules applied is 20, search direction has been applied in forward direction, total number of subsets evaluated is 96, merit of best subset found is 82.609 and time taken to build model is 0. 06 seconds. One advantage of our suggested mode list hat it keeps the original data intact, ensuring experiment quality. A further advantage is that the model can be used with additional data sets to produce the highest accuracy and ROC analysis out comes.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Ensemble Pre-Trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Classifying Medical Image Datasets

Over the last few years, Deep Learning models have shown prominent results in medical image analysis especially to predict disease at the earlier stages. Since Deep Neural Network require more training data for better prediction, it needs more computational time for training. Transfer learning is a technique which uses the learned knowledge to perform the classification task by minimizing the number of training data and training time. To increase the accuracy of a single classifier, ensemble learning is used as a meta-learner. This research work implements a framework Ensemble Pre-Trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network using Resnet50, InceptionV3 and VGG19 pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network models with modified top layers to classify the disease present in the medical image datasets such as Covid X-Rays, Covid CT scans and Brain MRI with less computational time. Further, these models are combined using stacking and bagging ensemble approach to increase the accuracy of single classifier. The datasets are distributed as train, test and validation data and the models are trained and tested for four epochs. All the models are evaluated using validation data and the result shows that the ensemble learning approach increases the prediction accuracy when compared to the single models for all the datasets. In addition, this experiment reveals that the stacked model attains higher test accuracy of 99% for chest X-Ray images, 100% for chest CT scan images and 98% for brain MRI, compared to the bagged models. © 2022 IEEE.

Evaluation of Cost benefit Analysis using One-R Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm for Healthcare

Pandemic was present for the entire world from 2019 to 20. Due to this reason the workload for doctors and other healthcare professionals were increased. This workload will be eased by machine learning and the development of computer-aided analytical systems. The goal of the proposed methodology is towards the prevalence of COVID-19 to cost/benefit predictions on real-life dataset. Our proposed methodology is given for weka classification for the accuracy measurement ratios by applying 1R machine learning classifiers Considering the development of clustering with positive and negative occurrences ratios in terms of cost-benefit analysis's initial care projections. In this study 1R Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm have been applied to Covid 19 dataset provided by healthcare organization. The best classification accuracy is obtained from the algorithm of 1R with 75.54%. In this paper visualization Cost/Benefit Analysis and also analysed. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Perceived organisational support for employee well-being in IT sector: a pandemic impact study

Organizations these days have to remain alert and adaptive to unforeseen events which can increase uncertainty among their workforce and impose immediate threats to the organization's performance and viability. As the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing towards the recover and reshape phases, many organizations are looking at new ways of addressing the changing social, emotional, physical and financial needs of their worker's. Employee well-being is always found to be strategically relevant to organizations and individuals and has emerged into one of the focal areas of research during this pandemic. Managing and supporting employee well- being is always a challenge however the added stressors of the pandemic situation such as remote working, work-life balance can cause people to experience extreme reactions, resulting in the need for organizational support. The focus of this study is on the key wellbeing areas where employers should focus on for promoting and supporting their employees as a result of impact of the pandemic. This study will be descriptive in nature and is based on primary data. To achieve this objective, the data is collected using an online survey of 150 employees from the IT sector. Snow ball sampling technique is used to collect the responses and they are analyzed using SPSS. A reliability test was conducted for the first 25 responses and the Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.96. Further Correlation, Anova test, T- test regression and will be conducted to test the hypothesis. The theoretical and practical applications of the study are discussed in the context of employee well-being.

A MobileNet-V2 COVID-19: Multi-class Classification of the COVID-19 by Using CT/CXR Images

COVID-19 is one of the most dangerous virus that has been separated among the entire world. At the beginning stage of COVID-19 virus, the RT-PCR is the only testing method to detect the virus. Later, the medical professions analyze the different medical scanning approaches for the detecting of COVID-19. The computer tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) images are well-suited for detecting the virus. In image processing algorithms, there is lots of deep learning (DL) algorithms are employed for identifying the diseases which are affected in the human body. Hence, the paper presents the deep learning approach of COVID-19 detection by using the CT/CXR medical images. Here, the pre-trained MobileNetV2 is fully loaded with training dataset of COVID-19 images. Initially, the testing medical images are preprocessed by DnCNN algorithm to get the residual image of the corresponding medical image and forwarded to the feature extraction unit, and finally, the classifier finds the COVID-19, non-COVID-19, and pneumonia from the testing dataset. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Survey on Automatic Temperature and Face Detection using AI

The artificial intelligence is a computer expertise which thinks like human being and it does not need human intellect. The artificial intelligence could be categorized as: (i)Reactive machine, (ii)Machines with limited memory, (iii)Machines with a theory of mind, and (iv)Machines with self-awareness. The different applications of artificial intelligence are speech recognition, robot process automation, decision management, etc. The input given is in the form of images, videos, and sound data. The image, video is taken using high-resolution cameras like conventional thermal camera, visible IP camera, and AI-enabled thermal camera. With the advent of artificial intelligence variety of automated detection like thermal temperature detection, infrared temperature detection, mask recognition detection, computer vision was introduced and used. This survey presents a methodical assessment of artificial intelligence methods used in the detection and recognition of face and also for testing fever. A series of algorithms like independent component analysis, local binary pattern histogram, ADA boost cascade, squirrel search, HOG ,face detection and recognition in the literature. This paper highlights the automatic detection of body temperature, facial temperature and room temperature using artificial intelligence as an effective endurance. Persons with fever in public places could be identified and proper action could be taken in advance. This study is expected to provide researchers in AI a general idea of the present the current state of AI applications and inspire them in exploiting In the fight against illnesses like COVID-19, AI has a lot of promise.

Medical Mask Detection Using Various CNN Models

The world has suffered from the new Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). It came from Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it to be a fatal disease on 11 March 2020 that has taken roots worldwide with 114 countries seriously afflicted. At the end of May 2021, there were more than 100 million corona virus cases worldwide. Medical masks have been required to minimize the spread of the deadly infection and to sensitize people. Face mask detection is now a trend application because of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, which requires every person to medical masks, keep distance from others and wash hand sanitizers. © 2021 IEEE.

COVID-19 and MRI image denoising using wavelet transform and basic filtering

Eliminating noise from digital image is considered as an essential problem in image processing, for example in medical images as the noise present in the image will degrade the image quality which cannot be further classified with high accuracy. Hence, it is required to provide the images without any noises for better classification. Since the selection of denoising method to generate the quality image depends on the type of noise present in the image, it is suggested to find the best method to eliminate the noise as far as possible by preserving the edges. This paper presents the various denoising techniques such as Bayes Shrink and VisuShrink wavelet transform, non-local mean filter and median filter to remove the noises added through Gaussian, Speckle and salt and pepper noise in the COVID 19 chest x-ray images and the MRI images. The experiment shows that wavelet transform method performance is good for removing Gaussian noise and median filter performance is good to remove speckle and salt and pepper noise. The results are measured through visually and through the quality measure using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). © 2021 IEEE.

A survey on the psychological impacts of the covid-19 infectious disease outbreak among elderly people

Aim and Introduction COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China. It had spread rapidly all over the world and had affected many people. This sudden outbreak caused all parts of the world to go under lockdown. This lockdown had mentally affected many, especially the elderly people. Daily life of people during this lockdown had completely changed.The precautions to be taken to protect from infections make elderly people feel more lonely. As the old people are prone to infection, the psychological impacts caused by the infection spread needs to be studied. The aim of the present survey is to assess the awareness on the psychological impact of COVID 19 on elderly people. Materials and Methods An online survey had been spread to 102 participants who are elderly, regardless of their country. After circulating, the data was received and analysed.The results were obtained and statistically analysed through SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. The survey has been completed in the month of May 2020. Results From the data of this study, it was noticed that elderly people were psychologically more affected. 45.10% of the participants felt depressed as they were forced to miss their regular routines such as daily walk and chatting with their friends due to the lockdown, while 54.90% did not feel depressed.93.14%of the participant’s family were found to be really . Thus the pandemic has caused psychological impact among the elderly population. Conclusion More awareness and knowledge regarding the pandemic must be given to help elderly people to take proper care of themselves and also their mental health. Thus, this survey has indicated the importance of mental health as equal to physical health to fight against an infection outbreak. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Awareness on the precautions to be taken during the spread of covid-19 infection among adolescents-a survey

Aim And Introduction COVID-19 is a mild to severe respiratory illness caused due to a coronavirus. It was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. Adolescents are the ones who are affected the most because they don’t get the fun that they usually get.The main aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge level of adolescents towards the precautionary measures that has to be taken during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials And Methods This is an online survey conducted among adolescents in the month of May 2020,through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions and was circulated among the participants. The sample size of the study was 100.The statistics done using SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant and the results were tabulated accordingly. Results 100 percent of the participants were aware about the symptoms of COVID-19. 93% of the participants think that wearing a mask in public places prevents COVID-19 spread.99% of the participants strongly believe that lockdown is essential. Conclusion From the study, it is evident that adolescents were aware about the precautionary measures that had to be practiced till the pandemic comes to an end. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Awareness of status of migrant workers in the lockdown period of covid-19

Introduction: The migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic are facing multiple hardships. As the factories and workplaces are shut due to the lockdown prevailing in the country millions of migrants are facing loss of income and food shortage. Aim of the study is to assess the awareness of the status of migrant workers in the lockdown period of COVID-19. Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among the general population through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions and is circulated among the population. Results and discussion: Majority of the participants 73% were aware of the status of migrant workers in the lockdown. Conclusion: The government should provide health care and ensure that migrant workers health is not neglected in future epidemics and disasters. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Awareness on family time during quarantine lockdown among college students

Quarantine is restricting people who have been exposed to a disease, such as COVID-19. This study is required because during this hectic period of lockdown the only conversation we can have is with our family members. This study fulfils the deficiency of knowing the actual bond they share with their family members during this full time quarantine lockdown. The aim of the study is to know the relationship between family members during quarantine lockdown. Data manipulation is done by google forms. Software used is IBM SPSS. Pie Chart is used as a method of representation of each output variable. 76.8% agreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine and 23.2% disagreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine. (p=0.135, indicating statistically not significant )The association between gender was assessed by Chi Square test where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We have observed association between gender and responses about whether they like their families was found to be statistically significant. Various members may have varying needs that can cause stress and struggle. But in such times, providing them with comfort and love, regularly checking in, sharing their worries, offering whatever support can prove beneficial in strengthening relationships.

Awareness on the diet plan in covid-19 among college students - A survey

Coronavirus disease ( COVID-19 ) is caused by SARS-CoV2 and is a great global public health concern. The zoonotic origin of COVID-19 is likely to be the wet animal market in Wuhan city, China. The transmission of COVID-19 can be from person-to-person and this leads to the isolation of patients. Extensive measures were taken to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 and to control the current outbreak. So it is necessary and important to know the dietary patterns which play an important role in the prevention of COVID-19. This study involves college students in the age group of 12-40 years. A well structured questionnaire was prepared comprising 15 questions covering socio-demographic information, knowledge , attitude, perceptions was framed and administered to the participants through an online google forms link. A total of 116 responses were collected out of which 42.6% were male and 57.4% were female. 80% of the total population were aware that diet patterns play an important role in COVID-19. Pearson Chi square value= 0.61, p=0.89 ( p>0.05 indicating statistically not significant. 73% of the total population were aware that an increase in immunity of our body prevents COVID-19. Pearson Chi square value=5.88, p=0.11 ( p>0.05 indicating statistically not significant). It may be concluded that most of the students are aware of the diet pattern in COVID-19. Awareness may be created to have an intake of balanced diet during the pandemic period. © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

Curcumin a better medicine to treat coronavirus-a review

Curcumin, a yellow pigment, which is a bioactive compound in Turmeric, is a polyphenol derivative used as an herbal medicine to treat remedies. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused due to coronavirus which is an infectious and dangerous virus. Coronavirus causes severe infections in humans and also in different species of animals. Curcumin has multi properties in which one of them is anti-viral, which may help in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Curcumin can be taken by the means of food and studies show that there are no side effects, caused due to its consumption. Turmeric is the main source of Curcumin;RDA of Curcumin is 3mg/kg/day. Some of its properties include: anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial activities. It also has the ability to gene transcription the viral strains like coronavirus, and maybe a possible treatment in treating COVID-19. Curcumin as exhibits anti-viral properties and acts on viral strains for gene transcription, can be a possible treatment in prevention and treating COVID-19. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

Perception of general public regarding pros and cons of technological advancements during lockdown due to covid 19 pandemic-an online survey

Introduction: The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global health crisis that has a deep impact on the way we perceive our world. Media and technology have long been recognized as powerful sources that tend to mould our views and experiences, but how does it influence the different dynamics ranging from work, education and interpersonal relationships is the study about and its advantages and disadvantages. Aim: The aim of the research is to study the Pros and Cons of technological advancement during this pandemic and global lockdown. Materials and Methods: An online survey link was circulated among 105 residents of Chennai and the results were studied, analyzed and graphically interpreted using SPSS software. Results: 80% of the participants agreed that technology was advantageous during the lockdown and 19% said that it was disadvantageous. The Chi-square test was done associating the age of the participants and the perception of the Pros and Cons of technological advancements during this lockdown. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the age of the participant and the various purposes of using electronics during the lockdown. The majority of the participants belonging to all the age groups use electronics mainly for entertainment and education/work. The Chi-square test was done and it was found to be statistically significant, implying that there is much awareness among the age group of 10-20, and the majority of the participants agree that technology is advantageous during the lockdown. © 2020, Radiance Research Academy. All rights reserved.

Analysis of public’s opinion towards refugees and curfew periods during covid 19 pandemic-a survey

Introduction: Refugees are people who displace or migrate from place to place due to political violence and war. They lack their basic needs and do not have proper accessibilities to general routine things. Mainly because of their constant migration, they get exhausted physically and develop mental illness due to inadequate facilities in their future. They can survive at normal periods, but their situation gets worse during curfew periods because of no food, no shelter, and no employment. The main aim of this topic is to collect the opinions of the general population under the age group of 18-60 about refugees and their hardships during curfew periods. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted among 150 people of the general population through an online survey. The questionnaire formed contained basic, awareness creating and statistical contents about the topic and related information. Data collected and analyzed using SPSS software, Inferential statistics were done using a Chi-square test, and a P-value of <0.05 was found to be statistically significant. Results: 93.6% knew about refugees, rest 6.4% had no idea, but 33.3% of them thought that they were people working for the government, rest 64.7% replied that they were people who were forced to flee from their origin countries. 81.4% of the population thought that they don’t have proper access to their necessities and the rest 14.8% thought they do. 91.7% agreed that they will suffer during curfew periods and the rest 8.3% of them disagreed. Conclusion: Nearly all have understood their situation during curfews, and more than 90% of the population was willing to help, further awareness needs to be spread to take actions as soon as possible. © 2020, Radiance Research Academy. All rights reserved.

Awareness on dental treatment during covid-19 among south indian population

Introduction: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, frontline health care workers and patients undergoing dental procedures are at the high risk of cross-infection. Most of the dental procedures require contact with the saliva, blood, and respiratory tract secretions in the oral cavity of the patient. Many patients may be carriers of the virus. It may be suggested that all patients visiting a dental office must be treated with due precautions and utmost care to prevent the cross-infection. The aim of this study was to create awareness on dental treatment during COVID-19 among the South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A self-structured questionnaire was administered to the participants to collect the data through online Google forms link. The participants were well informed about the study in detail. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion: People need to be educated about their personal hygiene which will prevent the disease spread. Awareness seminars may be conducted to educate the community about dental treatment in this pandemic period. Conclusion: Closing dental practices during the pandemic will increase the suffering of individuals in need of urgent dental care. This calls for the designing of standard guidelines for dental care during the worldwide spread of the pandemic. Awareness may be created on the use of masks, hand sanitizers, and social distancing for patients to prevent the disease spread. © IJCRR.

Awareness and perception towards various principles of lockdown and dental practice during covid 19 pandemic among general population

Aim: To evaluate the awareness of principles of lockdown among the adult population. Introduction: Lockdown is a state of isolation or restricted access where people are prevented from entering (or) leaving a restricted area during a threat of danger. In the other words, it is termed as quarantine, confinement, curfew (or) lockout. There are two types of lockdown emergency lockdown and preventive lockdown. Actually, during the lockdown, all non-essential activities remain shut for the entire period. Preventive lockdown is a preemptive action plan implemented to address and usual scenario. The protocols are based on the type of threat and they are kept simple and short for quick learning and implementation. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross sectional survey conducted among 101 general populations to analyze their knowledge and awareness of the principles of lockdown. A self-administered 15 questions were prepared and was circulated among dental students through Google form. The responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS software and the results are represented as a bar graph. Results: Results showed that 73.8% of the study population was aware of the lockdown and 45.6% of the study population obeys the lockdown regulations. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a good positive response among the adult population regarding various principles of lockdown. © 2020, Radiance Research Academy. All rights reserved.

A survey on chennai population on awareness and practice on importance of oral hygiene in present covid-19 situation

Introduction: Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's oral cavity neat, clean in order to avoid any disease initiation, progression. Oral health approaches should be customized to the lifestyles of children, and adults in order to enable them to improve personal oral hygiene and oral health. Aim: The purpose of the study was to know about the awareness and practice of oral hygiene among the general population and maintenance of oral health among the adult population in the present COVID situation. It has been difficult in obtaining dental treatment in the current COVID situation as the pandemic peaks high every day. At home, hygiene awareness is important. Methodology: A total of nearly 200 participants were requested to participate in the study. The questionnaire had 20 items which were designed in such a way to evaluate the awareness and attitude of oral hygiene in the current COVID situation. A small population of Chennai of 174 was aware of oral hygiene, especially during the current COVID-19 situations. Results: Results showed that [50.8%] of this particular age group felt that oral hygiene was as important as general measures, [81%] of the study population felt dental treatment is more important when compared to other medical treatments. Pearson Chi-square test value 9.372;p-value = 0.154 (>0.05) which is statistically not significant. Nowadays even though we have advanced in awareness of oral health care, it's not yet reached the entire population. Conclusion: Most of the people these days are aware of the basic oral hygiene techniques and show a responsible attitude towards these procedures. But there exists a circle of the population who are not aware of various oral hygiene methods. This may lead to poor oral health care. © 2020, Radiance Research Academy. All rights reserved.